1963-1988

John F. Kennedy Cliff Richard Nixon Phil Ronald Reagan-Luke Gorbachev-Luke Martin Luthur king Jr.- cliff Jimmy Carter- Phil Malcolm X- Luke Sandra Day O'Conner-James Thurgood Marshall- Alex Elvis Presley- Alex

Watergate scandal- cliff Vietnam War- Lucas height of the hippies-phil first man walks on moon- Jamesy Woodstock Groovathon- Luke withdraw from vietnam-phily phil yo fall of Saigon-James War Powers Act- Luke Assassination of JFK- Alex Challenger explosion- Alex

__**People**__

He cut the number of troops in Vietnam and later ended it. He helped complete Kennedy's dream by putting a man on the moon, Apollo 11, winning the space race against the communists. made better relations with china, was the first president to visit the nation, this also inspired better relations with the USSR. His term marked the beginning of mistrust of government, after the Watergate scandal many people began to mistrust the government. Some other important things Nixon did are the Environmental Protection Agency, The Twenty-Sixth Amendment, and the SALT Agreement
 * __Nixon__**

**__ Ronald Reagan __** **__ Gorbachev __** **__ Malcolm X __**
 * 40th President of the u.s
 * Oldest president
 * One of the most popular presidential candidates of all time
 * Major conservative
 * Trickle down economics was created by Reagan and is the concept of supplying money to major businesses which will “trickle down” to the U.S people
 * President during the cold war and spent an abundance of money on defense spending
 * Specifically in defense, Reagan was interested in “star wars” or the ability stop missiles via laser beams or other methods
 * Restored the soviet economy with the idea of capitalism
 * Believed in creating more rights for the people of the Soviet Union
 * Created Glasnost and Perestroika
 * Served from 1985 to 1991 as the general secretary of the communist party in the soviet union
 * Major civil rights leader as well as the leader of the nation of Islam
 * Assassinated in 1965, Malcolm X was killed at a uniting of African Americans
 * Known for his persecution of the “white man” for crimes against black Americans
 * After serving time in prison Malcolm joined the nation of Islam and began to preach the concept of black supremacy

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 * __Sandra Day O'Connor__**
 * ** Sandra Day O'Connor ** (born March 26, 1930) is a retired United States Supreme Court justice. She was the first woman appointed to the court, serving as an Associate Justice from 1981 until retiring from the Court in 2006.
 * O'Connor was appointed by President Ronald Reagan in 1981. In the latter years of her tenure, she was regarded as having the swing vote in many cases.
 * In her confirmation hearings and early days on the court, O'Connor was carefully ambiguous on the issue of abortion, as some conservatives questioned her pro-life credentials on the basis of some of her votes in the Arizona legislature
 * In 2008, O'Connor was named an inaugural Harry Rathbun Visiting Fellow by the Office for Religious Life at Stanford University. On April 22, 2008, she gave "Harry's Last Lecture On A Meaningful Life" in honor of the former Stanford Law professor who shaped her undergraduate and law careers.

__**Jimmy**__ In 1978 President Carter invited the Egyptian president and the Israeli Prime Minister to Camp David for peace talks. This led to a formal peace treaty in 1979. In 1979, diplomatic relations were formally established between China and the U.S. He also did comprehensive energy program conducted by a new Department of Energy He also did deregulation in energy, transportation, communications, and finance, helping the economy. He also did educational programs under a new Department of Education which helped many children.


 * __John F. Kennedy:__**
 * Kennedy defeated then Vice President and Republican candidate Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential election
 * He was the youngest elected to the office, at the age of 43
 * Events during his presidency included the Bay of Pigs Invasion, theCuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall
 * the Space Race, the African American Civil Rights Movement, and early stages of the Vietnam War
 * Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas

__**Thurgood Marshall**__
 * Took his seat on October 2, 1967.
 * He was the first African American supreme court justice.
 * Marshall was a major part of the court’s progressive majority that voted for a woman’s right to abortion.
 * His opinions covered the environment, the right of appeal of persons convicted of drug charges, failure to report for and submit to service in the U.S. armed forces, and the rights of Native Americans.




 * __Elvis Presley __**
 * He was an American singer, actor and song producer who was known as the King of Rock `n Roll.
 * Presley appeared in 33 movies, his last film was Tickle Me (1965).
 * He staged a huge television performance that was later called the “68 Comeback Special.” It was aired in December 1968, and it shot him back into rock `n roll stardom.
 * He recorded several gospel albums, earning three Grammy Awards for his gospel music.
 * 1977 he was only 42 years old when the medical examiner concluded that he died from a heart attack.
 * __Martin Luther King Jr:__**
 * In 1955 he was elected by other civil rights leaders to lead a city-wide boycott.
 * By 1960 he was receiving national notoriety for his civil rights work.
 * In 1963 in Alabama he organized a peaceful demonstration that was broken up by police and he was jailed along with his many supporters.
 * On August 28, 1963 more than 200,000 of his supporters were drawn to the Lincoln Memorial in Washington for his famous “I Have a Dream” speech making the point that all men could be equal.


 * __Events__**

__Apollo 11__
 * **Apollo 11** was the spaceflight which landed the first humans, Neil Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, Jr, on Earth's Moon on July 20, 1969, at 20:17:39 UTC. The mission is considered a major accomplishment in the history of exploration.
 * //Apollo 11// landed with less fuel than other missions, and the astronauts also encountered a premature low fuel warning. This was later found to have been due to greater propellant 'slosh' than expected, uncovering a fuel sensor. On subsequent missions, extra baffles were added to the tanks to prevent this
 * The mission along with Apollo 11 played a important role in the culmination of the Space Race. Luna 15 was launched just 3 days before Apollo 11 and managed to reach the lunar surface before Apollo 11, but during the descent a malfunction eventually caused Luna 15 to crash on the Mare Crisium of the Moon, just after Armstrong and Aldrin completed their first moon walk
 * Back in the day when the space race began, Russia was "in front" with //Sputnik// and their advantage over the U.S. in launch capabilities.

__**Hippies**__ The hippies didn't bring new ideas, theses ideas were around in B.C. with the Persians who advocated communal living, the sharing of resources, vegetarianism, and free love. They were against war and they were a huge reason for ending the war. Many were into drugs making drugs very profitable in the U.S. with the new huge demand. Many hated and distrusted the government creating many conspiracy theories still known today. They are the reason we don't have flying cars, maybe if they would have studied in school and showered, we would have those flying cars. The hippies had widespread influence across the world and still affect our culture today with the peace loving attitude.

__**Withdraw from Vietnam war **__

This war was the result of the cold war where America and USSR had the smaller less powerful countries fight for them.

The U.S. wanted to prevent the spread of communism and at first only supplied money and ammo to the Vietnamese to fight them. Then we brought military advisers, then we brought troops.

<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">America could have easily won the war but American public opinion of it was bad and many protested it.

<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">With so many people protesting the war, Nixon negotiated a peace treaty and withdrew all the troops.

<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This left south Vietnam vulnerable and North Vietnam soon attacked again and won.

<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This was the first war the U.S. lost humbling the U.S.



**__ Vietnam __**
 * __<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Fall of Saigon __**
 * The ** Fall of Saigon ** (or ** Liberation of Saigon ** ) was the capture of Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, by the People's Army of Vietnam and the National Liberation Front on April 30, 1975.
 * The event marked the end of the Vietnam War and the start of a transition period leading to the formal reunification of Vietnam into a communist state.
 * North Vietnamese forces under the command of the Senior General [|Văn Tiến Dũng] began their final attack on Saigon, which was commanded by General [|Nguyen Van Toan] on April 29, with a heavy artillery bombardment.
 * General Homer D. Smith, the U.S. defense attaché in Saigon, to advise Ambassador Martin that the runways were unfit for use and that the emergency evacuation of Saigon would need to be completed by helicopter, after the airport was hit by two rockets.
 * The U.S. State Department estimated that the Vietnamese employees of the American Embassy in Vietnam, past and present, and their families totaled 90,000 people. In his testimony to Congress, Martin asserted that 22,294 such people were evacuated by the end of April. Of the tens of thousands of former South Vietnamese collaborators with the State Department, CIA, U.S. military, and countless armed forces officers and personnel in risk of reprisal, nothing of this subject matter is known.
 * April 30 is celebrated as a public holiday in Vietnam as Liberation Day or Reunification Day. Workers get the day off, as well as May 1, and the holiday is filled with many public celebrations.
 * North Vietnam supported the ideas of communism while south Vietnam opposed
 * Said to be a pointless war because of the mindset of the local people in addition to the Guerilla warfare utilized by them
 * Perhaps the controversial war in U.S history because of the onset disposition of the American people towards the war


 * __ Woodstock __**
 * Perhaps the most famous concert in U.S history
 * Three day concert with am abundance of hippies doing an abundance of drugs
 * Bands such as the Grateful Dead, CCR, Janis Joplin, The Who, Jefferson Airplane, Santana, and the great Jimi Hendrix performed at this festival
 * One of biggest moments of the counterculture movement


 * __ War Powers Act __**
 * Allows president to send troops into whatever situation in time of national emergency
 * Also can question the presidential authority to enter into warfare
 * Made an impact on the country because of the ability of the president to have the capability of directly sending troops
 * Violated by presidents such as Reagan, Clinton, and Barack Obama

__**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">JFK Assassination **__


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dealey Plaza in Dallas Texas at 12:30 PM on Friday, November 22, 1963.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Lee Harvey Oswald was the assassin.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">JFK was rushed to Parkland Hospital, where a tracheostomy and other efforts failed to keep him alive.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Most controversial case in US history.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">They did a ten month investigation on the assassination.


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Challenger explosion __**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">this space shuttle had already performed nine successful missions before 1986
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">This mission was unique in it was scheduled to be the first flight of a new program called the Teacher In Space Program.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Caused by an O-ring problem in a rocket booster.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">The seven astronauts inside the challenger died in the explosion.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">The explosion and its aftermath received extensive media coverage and prompted NASA to temporarily suspend all shuttle missions.

__**Watergate Scandal:**__
 * a result of the June 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington D.C
 * the Nixon administration attempted to cover-up its involvement
 * The scandal eventually led to the resignation of Richard Nixon
 * The scandal also resulted in the indictment, trial, conviction and incarceration of 43 people
 * The affair began with the arrest of five men for breaking and entering into the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters at the Watergate complex
 * The FBI connected cash found on the burglars to a slush fund used by the Committee for the re-election of the president