Top+events+of+1820-1877

Luke James Phil Alex Cliff 1820 - Missouri Compromise 1823 - Monroe Doctrine proclaimed 1830s - Second Great Awakening religious revival movement 1832 - Ordinance of Nullification passed by South Carolina 1850-Compromise of 1850 1845 Mexican War 1861 Civil War-james January 1 1863 emancipation Proclamation November 19 1863 Gettysburg Address 1866- Civil Rights Act

//**Importance Order**// Civil War-1861 Emancipation Proclamation-1863 Civil Rights Act-1866 Gettysburg Address-1863 Compromise of 1850 Missouri Compromise-1820 Monroe Doctrine-1823 Mexican War-1845 Second Great Awakening Religious Revival Movement-1830s Ordinance of Nullification passes by South Carolina-1832

__**Civil War of 1861 James**__
 * ** February 9, 1861 ** - The Confederate States of America is formed with Jefferson Davis, a West Point graduate and former U.S. Army officer, as president.
 * ** April 17, 1861 ** - Virginia secedes from the Union, followed within five weeks by Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina, thus forming an eleven state Confederacy with a population of 9 million, including nearly 4 million slaves. The Union will soon have 21 states and a population of over 20 million.
 * ** February 20, 1862 ** - President Lincoln is struck with grief as his beloved eleven-year-old son, Willie, dies from fever, probably caused by polluted drinking water in the White House.
 * ** April 14, 1865 ** - The Stars and Stripes is ceremoniously raised over Fort Sumter. That night, Lincoln and his wife Mary see the play "Our American Cousin" at Ford's Theater. At 10:13 p.m., during the third act of the play, John Wilkes Booth shoots the president in the head. Doctors attend to the president in the theater then move him to a house across the street. He never regains consciousness.
 * ** April 15, 1865 ** - President Abraham Lincoln dies at 7:22 in the morning.
 * ** April 26, 1865 ** - John Wilkes Booth is shot and killed in a tobacco barn in Virginia.

__**Gettysburg address-1863 Alex**__
 * The Gettysburg Address is a speech byU.S. PresidentAbraham Lincoln and is one of the most well-known speeches in United States history m
 * It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War on November 19, 1863. It was in the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetary in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania; spoken four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg.
 * In //Lincoln at Gettysburg//, Garry Willsnotes the parallels between Lincoln's speech and Percicles' Funeral Oration during the Peloponnesian War as described by Thucydides'
 * The importance of the Gettysburg Address in the history of the United States is underscored by its enduring presence in American culture. In addition to its prominent place carved into a stone cella on the south wall of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C
 * Proposed as the shortest speech ever given by a president in US history

__**Compromise of 1850- Phil**__


 * This compromise had five parts and was designed by Henry Clay
 * Texas surrendered its claim of New Mexico and gave its debt to the federal government.
 * California was accepted as a state as the boundaries were, without splitting it up.
 * avoided having something passed called the "Wilmot Proviso" which would have made slavery illegal in all the new land acquired from Mexico and instead introduced popular sovereignty to these territories.
 * "The Fugitive Slave Act" was another part of this compromise. This made harsher laws toward escaped slaves and anyone who helps them. This outraged many Northerners.
 * Slavery was also banned in Washington D.C.
 * This was made possible after the death of Zachery Taylor who opposed slavery spreading to the southwest.

__**Monroe Doctrine-1823 James**__
 * __Missouri Compromise 1820 Luke__**
 * The incorporation of new western territories into the U.S had made slavery a controversial concern of politics
 * Agreement signed in 1820 between pro slavery and anti slavery parties concerning slavery in the western territories
 * This agreement prohibited slavery in the Louisiana territory and anything above the parallel 36’30 north, excluding the state of Missouri
 * By 1818 the Missouri territory had acquired enough people to be admitted as a new state into the union, the majority if its settlers were from the south and it was expected to be admitted as a slave state
 * James Tallmadge of NY proposed and amendment that would outlaw slavery in the new territory as well as emancipate all slaves born in Missouri
 * The admission of Alabama as a slave state in 1819 would bring the slave states and free states to an equal number, and it was thought that by making the new Maine territory a free state and Missouri a slave state that it would maintain the balance
 * This treaty essentially meant that any territories that became states in the area mentioned above would be subject to enable slaves to be free
 * The agreement was repealed by the Kansas Nebraska act of 1854 which essentially made slavery legal in these
 * The Monroe Doctrine is a policy of the United Stastes introduced on December 2, 1823
 * It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring U.S. intervention.
 * The Doctrine noted that the United States would neither interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries.
 * President James Monroe first stated the doctrine during his seventh annual State of the Union Address to Congress
 * Its primary objective was to free the newly independent colonies of Latin America from European intervention and control that would make the New World a battleground for the Old.
 * Theodore Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy,Ronald Reagan are examples of presidents to use its guidance in office.

__** Mexican-American War-(1846-1848) Luke **__
 * Ignited by Polks ambition for gaining new territories
 * Polk issued the orders for general Taylor to march to the Rio Grande where mexican forces responded to the invasion by sending troops where a battle erupted
 * Polk used this attack to convince the house and senate to declare war
 * It was an armed conflict that was mainly over the annexation of Texas which Mexico felt was their land
 * American forces quickly occupied New Mexico and California, then invaded parts of Northeastern Mexico and Northwest Mexico
 * Mexico would still not agree to the cession of its northern territories, another American army captured Mexico City resulting in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
 * The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is an agreement between Mexico and the U.S that states that the Rio Grande serves as the border for Texas and ceded new mexico and california to the United States
 * Resulted in large territorial gain for U.S

__**Emancipation Proclamation-1863 Cliff**__
 * an executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War using his war powers
 * It stated the freedom of slaves in the ten states that were in rebellion at the time,applying to 3.1 million of the 4 million slaves in the U.S.
 * immediately freed 50,000 slaves
 * with the rest becoming free as the Union advanced
 * the Proclamation did not compensate slave owners, did not outlaw slavery, and did not make the slaves citizens
 * Proclamation made abolition the main goal of the Civil War
 * Northern Democrats thought it would only prolong the war by antagonizing the south
 * with no surprise Confederates reacted with outrage to the Proclamation
 * after the Proclamation, compromise was no longer a option

__**Civil rights act of 1866- Phil**__
 * This protected people's rights that were citizens of the United States and said anyone that was born in the US was a Citizen
 * This excluded Native Americans, foreign visitors, and diplomats.
 * This was mostly aimed to protect African American rights and make sure their rights were not infringed on.
 * This was closely connected to Reconstruction and helped many African Americans.
 * This was also very close to the Freedman's Bureau.
 * It states " All persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall have the same right in every State and Territory to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind, and to no other."


 * __2nd Great Awakening-1830s Cliff__**
 * broad religious movement that swept the U.S. that rejected the idea that God predetermined one's salvation or damnation whether a person went to heaven or hell
 * Instead they emphasized the individual responsibility to seek salvation
 * Insisted that people could improve society
 * Revivalism swept across the U.S. in the early 19th century
 * The Second Great Awakening also brought christianity on a large scale to enslave African Americans
 * The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society
 * The number of the Baptists and Methodists rose in relation to the denominations dominant in the colonial period

__**1832 - Ordinance of Nullification passed by South Carolina Alex**__
 * a sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson
 * ordinance declared by the power of the state that the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and therefore null and void within the boundaries of South Carolina
 * opposed in the South and parts of New England
 * law enacted during the presidency of John Quincy Adams
 * Jackson signed into law the Tariff of 1832
 * compromise received the support of most northerners and half of the southerners in Congress

Abraham Lincoln Andrew Jackson-james Henry Clay Zachary Taylor James K. Polk Stonewall Jackson Robert E Lee-james John Wilkes Booth Clara Barton Dorothea Dix

__**Abraham Lincoln: phil**__ __**Henry Clay: Alex**__ __**James K. Polk: Luke**__
 * Abe Lincoln kept the country together with the cost of his life
 * He ended slavery in the south with the Emancipation Proclamation
 * Urged for compromise and moderate, didn't like harsh reconstruction
 * Abe Lincoln's main goal was to preserve the union and did whatever it took to do it.
 * He was in the Lincoln-Douglas debates and moved many people with his views. He was very close in the election and won national recognition.
 * Henry clay was a lawyer and a politician who represented kentucky in both the senate and the house of representatives
 * A leading war hawk who played a major role in leading the U.S to war with Britain
 * Known for the Corrupt Bargain after which he was appointed Secretary of State by President John Quincy Adams
 * Promoted the American system where he fought for higher tariffs, internal improvements, and a national bank
 * Strongly opposed the Mexican American war and the annexation of Texas because he thought it would stir up the issue of slavery in politics
 * Known as the great compromiser for his compromises on slavery issues as well as the nullification crisis
 * With the title of the great compromiser its no surprise he was a leading figure in creating the missouri compromise as well as the compromise of 1850
 * Supported and admired by Abe Lincoln in relation to his economic programs
 * As President Polk had High territorial aspirations for the U.S
 * He Created the Notion that war with mexico would bring not only Texas but also New Mexico and California into the union
 * Polk issued the orders for Zachary Taylor to march to the Rio Grande and blockade the river
 * A small fight erupted between mexico and U.S forces at the Rio Grande
 * Polk is known for using this small occurence to convince the house and senate to declare war by witholding key information about what happened at the Rio Grande

__**StoneWall Jackson: phil**__
 * He was a Confederate general that played an important role in how the South fought in the war.
 * Considered one of the most gifted generals of US history, and if he wasn't shot by his own troops in accidental friendly fire, might have won the war for the south.
 * Got his nickname when he brought reinforcements in a crucial moment in a battle and held his line like a stone wall.
 * He led his group of 17,000 men and defeated 60,000 northerners.
 * His strategy was harsh discipline and fast movement, his men were known as the "foot cavalry" because he made them march such long distances in such a short amount of time.
 * He was the most celebrated general in the beginning of the war (later Robert Lee became more famous) Jackson boosted the morale of all the troops he was with.



__**Robert E Lee James**__ __**John Wilkes Booth: alex**__ __**Dorothea Dix: luke**__
 * Robert Edward Lee was born on January 19, 1807, at "Stratford" in Westmoreland County, Virginia
 * Due to his gallantry and distinguished conduct in performing vital scouting missions, Lee was eventually promoted to Colonel during the Mexican War.
 * Politically, Robert E. Lee was a Whig. Ironically, he was attached strongly to the Union and to the Constitution. He entertained no special sympathy for slavery.
 * Lee resigned his commission rather than assist in suppressing the insurrection after Virginia withdrew from the union. His resignation was two days following the offer of Chief of Command of U.S. forces under Scott. He then proceeded to Richmond to become Commander-in-Chief of the military and naval forces of Virginia
 * __Zachary Taylor: Cliff__**
 * he succeeded James K. Polk as president in 1849
 * general who led american troops in the MexicanAmerican War
 * supported the admission of California as a free-state
 * believed that the south could counter abolitionism by leaving the issue to popular sovereignty rather than congres
 * Taylor was the last President to hold slaves while in office
 * He was the second president to die in office
 * Taylor had a forty-year military career in the United States Army, serving in the War of 1812, the Black Hawk War, and the Second Seminole War
 * He assassinated the president of the US
 * This caused a huge uproar from the northerners and demanded harsh punishment and harsh reconstruction.
 * First he was part of a consiricy that wanted to kidnap Lincoln and exchange him for confederate troops
 * The plan failed and John decided to kill him instead.
 * He was an actor in the performance and was a really good actor with a promiseing career if he didn't kill honest abe
 * __Clara Barton: Cliff__**
 * one of the most honored women in American history for being a true pioneer as well as an outstanding person
 * Barton opened a free school in New Jersey
 * After the first battle of Bull Run she was the leading figure in distributing medical supplies to union soldiers
 * She is well known for creating and organizing the American Red Cross
 * Dorothea Dix was an american activist who promoted better care for the mentally insane
 * One of the many reformers of the second great awakening
 * Through lobbying congress and state legislatures she was able to create the first insane asylums in the U.S
 * Dix was the leading figure and played an instrumental role in expanding the treatment of the mentally ill
 * Dix was perhaps one of the first people to challenge the idea that the mentally ill could not be cured or helped

Presentation: []

__Works Cited__ Cooper, William J. Jr. //The South and the Politics of Slavery 1828-1856//

Craven, Avery. //The Coming of the Civil War// (1942)

Walther, Eric C. //The Fire-Eaters// (1992)

Wilentz, Sean. //The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln.// (2005)

Latner, Richard B. "The Nullification Crisis and Republican Subversion," //Journal of Southern History// 43 (1977)

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettysburg_Address#Text_of_Gettysburg_Address]

[|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine#The_Doctrine]